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METHODS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION IN DISEASED POULTRY Commonly used drugs include – antibiotics, anticoccidial, growth promoters In Drinking Water : ADVANTAGES > there is no delay in administration or withdrawal. Birds may continue to drink when sick and “off feed”.There is prompt absorption and is also very convenient to use. Topical Spray or Dust : ( for Ectoparasites)   Egg Dipping : Must be done at the hatchery under controlled conditions. Usually results in reduced hatchability or fertility (e.g. antibiotics to control egg transmissible diseases such as mycoplasma. Individual Bird Injection : necessary in severe disease or when drug of choice is non-absorbable (e.g. antibiotics). It is also labour intensive and time consuming In Feed: Often used in preventive or long-term medication. Must be done when mixing feed and requires planning so that delivery and storage on the farm does not delay treatment.

HOW TO PREPARE SILAGE FOR DAIRY COWS. Silage is high-moisture fodder preserved through fermentation in the absence of air. These are fodders that would deteriorate in quality if allowed to dry. Silage can be made from grasses, fodder sorghum, green oats, green maize or Napier grass. An ideal crop for silage making should; i) contain an adequate level of fermentable sugars in the form of water-soluble carbohydrates ii) have dry matter content in the fresh crop above 20% iii) possess a physical structure that will allow it to compact readily in the silo after harvesting Crops not fulfilling these requirements may require pre-treatment such as: i) field wilting, to reduce moisture ii) fine chopping, generally 20–25 mm preferred to allow compaction iii) use of additives, to increase soluble carbohydrates Harvesting stages Napier grass should be harvested at about 1 metre when protein content is about 10%. Maize and sorghum should be harvested at dough stage, that